What is a biopsy needle, and how does it works

 


When abnormal lumps are present in the breast, bones, liver, lungs, thyroid, lymph nodes, tissue, fluids, or cells in the parts of the body, the radiologist removes the lumps using a radiology biopsy needle. Then, the sample is sent to the lab to check the presence of cancer cells or other similar conditions.  

A radiologist in the concerned department performs a radiology biopsy.


A. Chiba needle 

B. Greene needle 

C. Franseen needle 

D. Menghini needle 

E. Westcott needle. 

 

Reasons for performing a needle biopsy: 

Breast lumps, thyroid, and lymph nodes are often checked using a biopsy needle for medical conditions.  

  • Matching organ tissues before a transplant 

  • To diagnose hepatitis C liver disease 

  • To find if there are any signs of organ rejection after a transplant. 

  • To find out the blood vessel diseases and connective tissues in muscles. 

  • To find the cause of bleeding in the uterus 

  • To find the cause of infertility. 

  • To find the presence of an infection. 

  • To find the presence of cancer cells. 

  • To find out if the abnormal lump is a cyst, infection, or tumor cells.  

 

Types of biopsy needles: 

  • Core needle biopsy- has a wide hollow needle.  

  • Fine needle aspiration- Has a thin needle.


Image of a fine needle aspiration. 

Fine needle aspiration has a thin needle. It is several inches long and has a syringe.  

The syringe extracts the abnormal fluids, tissues, and cells in this needle.  

Stereotactic core needle: 

A stereotactic core biopsy needle uses mammogram images. It is taken from various angles to find the exact biopsy place. This test is required when calcium deposits are present in the body. Sometimes, a mammographic finding will be too small to be seen in an ultrasound. Hence stereotactic core biopsy needle is used. 

 

Vacuum-assisted core biopsy needle: 

With the help of image guidance, the vacuum-assisted core biopsy needle is used. It has a hollow introducer.  

How does a needle biopsy work? 

  • This procedure takes only a short amount of time.  

  • This test is to be done in a clinic. 

  • While performing this biopsy, the patient can either lie down in the bed or sit down. It is based on the place where the biopsy is to be performed. 

  • A biopsy needle will be inserted after using a disinfectant and a numbing agent on the body part. After the biopsy, a small mark will be left in that place for further scans and tests. 

  • In case of deep penetration of the biopsy needle, the following image tests are required for clear direction and location of the needle. 

  1. CT scan 

  1. Mammogram scan 

  1. Ultrasound 

  • In the case of a core biopsy needle, before inserting the needle, the skin will be lightly cut using surgical tools.  

  • After inserting the biopsy needle, a syringe is used to pull the abnormal cells, fluids, or tissues for testing. 

  • The needle is attached with a spring-loaded tool in the core needle biopsy. It helps to insert and remove quickly. 

  • When the tests are performed on different body parts, different needles are used for each test. 





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